Periodizarea si
ciclicitatea ei
(text in romanian and inglish languages)
23.08.2018,
In diferitele lucrari
sau expuneri referitoare la acest subiect Periodizarea este prezentata classic;
cei mai pretiosi incep cu Ciclul Olimpic (4 ani) dar exista si posibilitatea de
a planifica activitatea cu o periodizare pe stagii …, sa zicem ‘pe-o viata
sportiva’ (mai nou, cu explozia de recorduri mondiale la grupa Masters s-ar
putea vorbi, theoretic, de o periodizare de lunga durata (100 de ani, glumesc).
Dar, punctual, ne-am
obisnuit cu periodizarea anuala, adica a unui an calendaristic sportiv ( ma refer astfel si la situatia, mai putin
dorita…, ca ‘anul calendaristic sportiv’
sa nu aiba exact 12 luni ci doar 9 sau 10, evident…, cazuri izolate).
De multe ori, din varii
motive, ceea ce-a fost planificat, s a zicem in luna Sept. pana in August viitor, poate suferi
modificari ( cel mai ades, schimbari de
calendar competitional, imbolnaviri,
intreruperi nedorite, fortuite de activitate, probleme de viata, etc.).
Judecand drept, in
asemenea situatii…, periodizarea (anuala sau chiar cea de ciclu olimpic) devine
un act birocratic…, ‘realitatea’ nu mai corespunde cu documentul anticipat ….
In mod normal,
‘tragedia’ se rezolva repede si in fond chair daca am lua-o de la ‘zero’, alta
solutie nu exista.
Pentru ca asemenea
situatii chiar exista…, DAR si pentru a ‘simula’ o pregatire ideala, eficienta ( ‘repetarea este mama invatarii’) s-a ajuns la acceptarea
unor forme inedite de Periodizare.
Obligati de calendarul sportiv ( al clubului, al federatiei, etc.) vom avea deci o periodizare
legata de sezon ( de iarna, de vara)
dar, de multe ori si acestea pot suferi modificari neasteptate.
Asa s-a ajuns, de la aceste 2 forme de ‘mezo-ciclu’, la
clasica ‘Etapa’, forma care la multi antrenori devine un fel de ‘secret de
serviciu’.
In fond ‘etapa’ ce
inseamna ? Inseamna sigur un numar de 4-6 saptamani care ca intr-un furnal, se
‘coace’ forma sportiva maxima urmarita a fi corespunzatoare OP-urilor (‘obiective de
performanta’) stabilite initial.
Asa ca din vorba in vorba
la ajuns la ciclul saptamanal { care si el ar putea avea 2 jumatati :
(L>Mr./J>Sb.), fiecare jumatate avand un numar de cate 5 lectii+un timp diurn
de refacere (12>24 ore)}.
Tot ce este scris pana
aici este bine cunoscut de fiecare dintre noi, stim avantajele, dezavantajele
dar mai este ceva – CREATIVITATEA.
Exista antrenori care
nu folosesc acest sablon si deci ei stiu si cred in periodizarea lor. Dar, in
bazin, secretele nu rezista mult si astfel se afla despre ce ‘inovatie’ este
vorba, poate ca unii o copiaza, altii o ignora.
Asemenea situatii am intalnit la regretatii Gicu Dimeca si, mai
ales, la Micky Gothe.
Fostii sportivi din Baia Mare, stiau,
’pe dinafara’…, ce aveau de inotat, la fiecare antrenament si mai ales la acel
‘1500’ de Vineri. Adevarul este ca baimarenii erau bine pregatiti la capitolul
‘rezistenta’; tot ce li se dadea-I sa inoate, la antrenament, la concurs, ei
erau capabili s-o faca cu rezultatele asteptate.
Gicu Dimeca, era in stare, ca dupa
terminarea unui antrenament greu, la care unul dintre elevii sai nu reusea sa
se incadreze asa cum ‘dicta bossul’…., ziceam, era in stare sa mai stea 2 ore
iar elevul trebuia sa execute programul asa cum era planificat, altfel decizia
era stiuta (pedepse gradate de la o
indemnizatietaiata la neparticipare la
un concurs international, etc.). Cu Dimeca era chiar foarte greu de lucrat… dar
, rezultatele erau intodeauna pe masura sacrificiilor acelor minunati elevi ai
sai.El ar trebui sa fie modelul multora dintre noi ….
Lui Michy Gothe ii revine cinstea de
a fi formulat periodizarea {“2,3,4,1”}; in anii
’80, nici nu trebuia sa fie considerat ‘un secret’… celebra ‘cortina de fier’
tinea la secret asemenea ‘gaselnite’….
Dece spun asta, deoarece, acest gen
de periodizare, facea act de un principiu arhicunosct in sport, mai ales la canotaj
(Victor Mociani, Coca Florescu)…, ei il numeau ‘batatorirea’ cailor de pregatire.
Si iata ca in literature ccidental, a
aparut de curand schema grafica care reda exact periodizare lui Gothe, iat-o:
Ce trebuie de remarcat:
-
exista un ciclu de 4 saptamani, organizate dupa
principiul cresterii incarcaturilor de pregatire (“2,3,4,1”)…,
-
el se repeat de 6 ori (poate fi
adoptata o repetare mai mica dar nu recomand una mai mare de aceste 6
saptamani),
-
in care de fiecare data incarcatura
creste…, pana in preajma competitiei de obiectiv, ultimul ciclu este in scadere
si permite, firesc, ca in mod biologic organismul sa se incarce cu energii care
inainte erau consumate la fiecare antrenament.
Acest mod de pregatire a adus
natatiei noastre primul record mondial de inot; in 1986, la CM Madrid, Tamara
Costache a inotat 50 m liber in 25.38”(in
1978, aflati in tabara de pregatire organizata de Min.Invatamantului la
Neptun…, M.Gothe mi-a atras atentia ‘uita-te bine, fata asta, va realiza un
record mondial cum nimeni cu se asteapta”, ani de munca au trecut si
promisiunea a fost indeplinita).
La acest capitol se merita sa evocam
periodizarea folosita de rusi (rusii sunt foarte deschisi la ceea ce fac,
scriu, povestesc tot ce fac si acest fapt trebuie retinut…).
In 1983, antrenor federal fiind, am
fost ‘pedepsit’ de mai marele meu…, sa fac
o deplasare la rusi, cu o echipa de brasisti (antr. Puiu Mitrofan), la ‘Baza
olimpica de pregatire la altitudine’/
2000m, de la Tzahkadzor, Armenia.
Cum-necum…, m-am imprietenit, cu antrenorul cel mai titrat al lor, antrenorul
proaspatului recordmen mondial la 1500m: Vladimir Salnikov, cu un timp sensational - sub 15 minute (deci
cu media de sub 60“/100m), iar numele
antrenorului, foarte inspirat - Igor
Koshkin (in rusa – ‘koska= pisica’)/foto:
Doi ‘inotatori’
celebri: Volodea, care a inotat de 15 ori sub 60’/100m=1500m liber (Johnny
Weismmuller a deschis seria acestui ‘ record psihologic’ in 1922, la
Alameda/USA cand a inotat pentru prima data in istoria inotului 100 m liber in
58,60) si Igor, antrenorul sau, care in grupa pe care o pregatea erau si alti
viitori campioni….
FINA a
acceptat, in compensatie cu dispozitivul de start de sus, proiectul
presedintelui Comitetului Tehnic al FINA, Vladimir Salnikov, ca si la
intrecerile de inot Spate sa fie folosit acest dispozitiv….
Foto recente,
de la Glaskow, Salnikov si antrenorul principal al echipei ruse
Formula
de periodizare folosita de Koshkin, era in stricta legatura cu ‘antrenamentul
la altitudine’.
Aceasta
forma de pregatire a aparut dupa JO Mexico-City, 1968…, cand din cauza
altitudinii ridicate la care este situata capitala Mexicului (2240m), la multi
sportivi, mai ales la probele de rezistenta, cele cu consum mare de oxygen…,
rezultatele au fost nesatisfacatoare (cel
mai elocvent exemplu este al celebrului Mark Spitz, creditat cu viitoare
performante de top… dar care a clacat, tocmai din cauza ozigenului diminuat din
aerul respirat).
De
atunci regretatul dr. Ioan Dragan, membru al FINA Medical Committee (el a fost gratulat de FINA in doua randuri,
prima data cu Colanul de argint si ulterior cu cel de aur, fiind alaturi de
prof. C.Marculescu unul dintre romanii care au facut cinste tarii lor…), a
comunicat importanta reactiilor in efortul la altitudine si astfel au aparut in
diverse colturi a lumii baze de pregatire speciale la peste 2000m (celebra
Colorado Spring, USA, este la 2400m).
Prof. Cornel Marculescu, Dir. Executiv al FINA.
Era
normal ca si sovieticii sa aiba baza lor proprie, in Armenia, unde relieful,
clima permitea o asemenea preagtire (chiar
si in timpul iernii, rusii se antrenau in bazin deschis si asta cred ca facea
parte dintr-o strategie, a lor, bine stiuta de multi…).
Formula lui Koshkin
poate fi rezumata astfel:{”de 4 x 10’’}. Adica –
cu cca. 40 de zile inaintea concursului de top, de la pregatirea obisnuita se
trecea la o perioada de 10 zile de antrenament ‘pe crapate’, la nivelul marii
sau la altitudinea obisnuita fiecarui sportiv; sportivul incepea acest travalui
istovitor(1) dupa care urma alte 10 zile de pregatire la altitudine(2), de data
asta, antrenamentul era de crutzare, sa-i dam calificativul ‘mediu’ de
acomodare la noile conditii date de altitudine, in a 3-a perioada, urmau alte
10 zile de pregatire la altitudine cu eforturi mari, pline de uzura si consum
mare de oxygen(3); odata incheiate cele 30 de zile de cantonament se intra in a
4-a perioada de 10 zile in care 3-5 zile se petreceau la altitudine cu
verificari inainte de concurs, iar ultimile
zile de cobora, sau se deplasa sportivii la nivelul marii sau al
orasului stiut la care altitudinea era evident mai mica…
Ei
bine…, Koshkin a repetat acest {“4x10”} de
nenumarate ori si a ‘batatorit’ caile de antrenament, stia bine ‘lectia’…
astfel el a putut constata ca in primele 48 de ore de la coborare de la
altitudine apare primul val de ‘supracompensare’ care daca era corelat cu proba
urmarita aducea satisfactia dorita…, apoi unda supracompensatiei revenea dupa
alte 5 zile (adica un total de 7 zile de la coborarea la ses).
Koshkin
a fost foarte interesat de realizarea unui cantonament la noi, la Sinaia, la
hotel Montana (care are o piscina de 25m)…., dorea foarte mult un loc linistit,
fara ‘paparazi’ si departe de stresul dat de celebritate. Am transmis aceasta
intentie celor din conducerea CNEFS-ului…. Dar raspunsul a fost unul politic si
astfel am ratat ocazia de a vedea pe viu activitatea acestor sportivi de mare
valoare.
Mai
adaug, cu titlu de ‘amintire’: in acea perioada am pledat mult sa facem, si
noi, un bazin la Paring (1750m); am dat si o solutie ‘trasnet’ – sa aducem cu
helicopterul cateva carcase de vagon pe care, bine amenajate se puteau umple cu
apa si asa am fi avut cateva ‘culoare’ la altitudine. N-a fost sa fie…., nu era
din partea unuia ca ‘ei’ (membri cu state in PCR). In schimb…, ‘altii’ au putut
imagina asa
In incheiere:
Periodizarea explica maniera de lucru
a unui antrenor, ea poate fi haotica sau nesigura in masura in care
‘instrumentele’ de lucru nu sunt bine cunoscute. Acest lucru trebuie facut cu
buna stiinta, cu instrumente simple dar si cu ajutorul celor competenti (staful unui club, al federatiei, medici,
psihologi, dieteticieni, etc.).
Periodizam ce? Asa cum se spune intre
soferi…, ”drumul cel mai scurt este drumul cel mai bine cunoscut”, deci
aplicati o formula simpla, repetabila si usor comensurabila…., success.
Surse:
‘History of Swimming’, Openheim, France, ‘SchwimTrainig im Verein’, H.Pfeifer, Deutscland, ‘Swimming’, Newel,Cross,Cowcher, Bernabei, Holande, ‘Swim Smooth’, Newsome, Young, Picturs collection from RACE PACE KLUB, Belgrade, Colectia Manual ‘INOT’, M.Olaru, Romania.
==============================================================
Periodization and its cyclicality ( by Google translate)
8/23/2018,
In the various works or exposures
related to this subject Periodicity is presented in classic; the most precious
begin with the Olympic Cycle (4 years), but there is also the possibility to
plan the activity with a periodic training on internships, say 'on a sporting
life' (more recently with the explosion of world records in the Masters group
would could speak, theoretically, of a long-term periodization (100 years,
joking).
But we have become accustomed to the
annual periodization, that is to say a sportive calendar year (I refer also to
the less-desired situation ... that the 'sports calendar year' does not have
exactly 12 months but only 9 or 10, obviously ..., isolated cases).
Often, for various reasons, what was
planned, let's say in September. until next August, may experience changes
(most notably, changes in the competition calendar, illness, undesirable
interruptions, forcible activity, life problems, etc.).
Judging right, in such situations
..., periodization (the annual or even the Olympic cycle) becomes a
bureaucratic act ..., 'reality' no longer corresponds to the anticipated
document ....
Normally, 'tragedy' resolves quickly
and basically the chair if we take it from zero, another solution does not
exist.
Because such situations really exist
..., but to "simulate" an ideal preparation, efficiency ('repetition
is the mother of learning') has come to the acceptance of some novel forms of
Periodization.
Due to the sports calendar (of the
club, of the federation, etc.) we will have seasonal (winter, summer)
seasonation, but often they may suffer unexpected changes.
That is how, from these two forms of
'meso-cycle', to the classic 'Stage', the form that many coaches become a kind
of 'secret of service'.
In fact what 'stage' does it mean? It
definitely means a 4-6 week period that, as in a blast, it bakes the maximum
sporting form to be consistent with the OPs ('performance targets') originally
set.
Thus, the word came to the weekly
cycle (which he could have two halves: (L> Mr./J> Sb.), Each half having
a number of 5 lessons + a daily restoration time > 24 hours)}.
Everything written here is well known
to each of us, we know the advantages, the disadvantages but there is something
else - CREATIVITY.
There are coaches who do not use this
template and so they know and believe in their periodization. But in the pool,
secrets do not last long, so it's about what 'innovation' is all about, maybe
some copy it, others ignore it.
Such situations I encountered in Gicu
Dimeca's(+) regrets and especially in Micky Gothe (+).
Former athletes from Baia Mare knew,
'out of the way' ... what they had to swim at every training and especially at
that '1500' on Friday. The truth is that the Baimarans were well prepared for
the 'resistance' chapter; everything that was given to him was swimming, at
training, at the contest, they were able to do so with the expected results.
Gicu Dimeca was in the position that
after finishing a hard workout, one of his students could not fit the way the
boss dictated ... I was saying he could stay for 2 hours and the student had to
run the program as planned, otherwise the decision was known (graded
punishments from an indemnified party to non-participation in an international
competition, etc.).
With Dimeca it was really hard to work ... but the results
were always the sacrifices of those wonderful pupils. It should be the model of
many of us ....
Concept of Michy Gothe's, has the honor of
formulating periodization {"2,3,4,1"}; in the '80s, it was not
supposed to be a' secret '... the famous' iron curtain' kept secret like 'methodichal
inovation' ....
I say this because, this kind of
periodization, was an act of a well-known principle in sport, especially at
canoeing ('emerits' Victor Mociani, Coca Florescu) ... they called it the 'training' of
the horses.
And here in the literary literature,
the graphical scheme that gave Gothe's exact periodical was recently published:
What should be noted:
- there is a 4-week cycle, organized
according to the principle of increasing the load of training
("2,3,4,1") ...,
- it is repeated 6 times (a smaller
repeat may be adopted but I do not recommend one longer than these 6 weeks),
- in which each load increases ...
until around the goal competition, the last cycle is decreasing and it
naturally allows the body to load with energies that were consumed before each
training.
This way of preparation has brought
our swimming pool to the world's first swimming record; in 1986 at CM Madrid,
Tamara Costache swam 50 m freely in 25.38 "(in 1978, in the training camp
organized by Min.International Education at Neptun ..., M.Gothe drew my
attention 'look good, girl this will make a world record as no one expects,
"years of work have passed and the promise has been met.)
Recent picture of
Tamara Costache, trainer in
Swim club Vega-Ploiesti,
Romania
This chapter is it is worth evoking the periodization used by the Russians (the Russians
are very open to what they are doing, write, telling everything they do, and
this fact must be remembered ...). I
n 1983, as a federal coach, I was
'punished' by my 'greatest '... I'm taking a trip to the Russians with a brassist
team (coach Puiu Mitrofan...) at the
'Olympic altitude training ground' / 2000m, from Tzahkadzor, Armenia. As a
little bit ... I became friends with my highest titled coach, coach of the
world record recordman at 1500m: Vladimir Salnikov, with a sensational time -
less than 15 minutes (so below the average of 60 "/ 100m) coach, very
inspired - Igor Koshkin (in Russian - 'koska = cat)' /
photoa: Famous swimmers:
Volodea who swam 15 times under 60 '/ 100m = 1500m freestil (Johnny Weismmuller
opened this' psychological record 'in 1922, at Alameda / USA when he swam for
the first time in swimming history 100 m freely in 58,60/ he was born in
Timishoara, Romania…) and Igor, his coach, who in the group he was preparing
were other future champions ....
Johnny Weissmuller
FINA has accepted, as 'compensation' with the top start device, the draft of the FINA Technical
Committee chairman, as well as at the back riding
competitions to use this device ....
Recent photos, from
Glaskow, Salnikov, and the coach of the Russian team.
The Koshkin's periodical exercise was
closely related to 'altitude training'.
This form of training emerged after the
Mexico-City JO, 1968 ... when, due to the high altitude of the capital of
Mexico (2240m), many athletes, especially the resistance tests, those with high
oxygen consumption ..., the results (the most eloquent example of the famous
Mark Spitz, credited with the top performances of the top ... but which
shrieked, precisely because of the diminished oxigen in the breathing air).
Since then, the late Dr. Ioan Dragan,
a member of the FINA Medical Committee (he was congratulated by FINA in two
rows, first with the Silver Column and later with the golden one, and with
Prof. C.Marculescu one of the Romanians who honored their country ...), he communicated
the importance of the reactions in the effort to altitude and so in different
corners of the world special training bases at over 2000m (famous Colorado
Spring, USA, is at 2400m).
Prof. Cornel
Marculescu, Dir. FINA Executive.
It was normal for the Soviets to have
their own base in Armenia, where the climate, the climate allowed such a
prelude (even in winter, the Russians trained in the open pool and that I think
was part of a strategy, of them, well-known by many ...).
Koshkin's form can be summed up as
follows: {"4 x 10"}. I mean - with approx. 40 days before the top
competition, from the usual training,
it took 10 days of "cracked"
training, at the sea level or at the usual altitude of each athlete; the
athlete began this grueling journey (1),
followed by another 10 days of
training at altitude (2), this time the training was sharpening, to give him
the "average" qualification to adapt to the new altitude conditions,
to 3rd period, followed by 10 days of high altitude training with great
efforts, full of wear and high oxygen consumption (3);
Once the 30 days of
training have been completed, the 4th 10-day period during which 3-5 days were
held at altitudes with pre-contest checks and the last days to descend, or to
move athletes at sea level the famous city where the altitude was obviously
lower ... Well ...,
Koshkin repeated this
("4x10") many times and "worked" the training paths, he
knew the 'lesson' well ... so he could see that in the first 48 the first wave
of "overcompensation," which if correlated with the sample, brought
the desired satisfaction ... hours, then the wave of overcompensation returned
after another 5 days (that is, a total of 7 days after the descent).
He was
very interested in setting up a training camp in Sinaia/Romania (1100m) at the Montana Hotel
(which has a 25m swimming pool) .... he wanted a quiet place without paparazzi
and away from the stress of the celebrity. We have sent this intention to the
CNEFS leadership .... But the answer was a wrong-political one and so I missed the
opportunity to see the work of these high-value athletes alive.
I add, as a 'memory': At that time we
pleaded for a lot to do, and we, a pool at Paring (1750m); we also gave a
'blitz' solution - to bring with by the helicopter some carriages of a wagon
which, empty, well arranged, could be filled with water and so we would have had some very chips 'pool lanes' at hy-altitude. It was not to be ..., it was not on the part of one as
'them' (members with states in the Romain Comunist Party.....).
Instead ... 'others' could imagine it
at the end:
Finaly:
Periodization explains the work of a
coach, it can be chaotic or insecure to the extent that 'working tools' are not
well known.
This must be done with the help of simple tools but also with the help of the competent ones (club staff, federation,
doctors, psychologists, dieticians, etc.).
As it is said between auto-drivers ...
"the shortest way is the best known way", so apply a simple,
repeatable and easily commensurable formula ..., success.
Surces:
‘History of Swimming’, Openheim,
France,
‘SchwimTrainig im Verein’, H.Pfeifer, Deutscland,
‘Swimming’, Newel,Cross,Cowcher, Bernabei, Holande,
‘Swim Smooth’, Newsome, Young, UK,
Picturs collection
from RACE PACE KLUB, Belgrade,
Colectia Manual ‘INOT’, M.Olaru, Romania.
